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In Jericho, at least 9,000 B.C., the Palestinians have had built the first government: court, irrigation system, prison, defense system, etc.
( see other slide shows for more details)

And Jerusalem was built at least 4,000 years ago ( at least 2,000 years before hosting the Prophet Abraham or Ibrahim ).

Early communications started with Mizraim (Egypt) and Nimrod in Mesopotamia-Iraq.

Unique Canaanite Pottery found in Egypt and similarity in animal domestication in both Canaan and Babylonia.

Other civilizations in the region appeared and continued in forming one Arab world and one Arab Nation.

Egypt and Canaan form one state its central government in Egypt and Canaan remains under this status for 1290 years (3000 B.C.-1710 B.c.)

Babylonia grows to reach its first Glory by Hammurabi.

The Kingdom of Hittite will grow further and will play a major role in the development of the future of the Middle East as this matter will be re-visited.

..cont'd

Abraham arrive to Palestine from Hurrians (or Horites )-Asia due to famine, through haran-Iraq, and Tudmor and Damascus in Syria about 2000 B.C. and leaves to Egypt due to famine the Palestianes have experienced in Palestine.

See "concise history" page which discusses the development of his immigration and the branching his family experienced, which resulted two identities the Arabs and the Jews.

All nations will continue to form the Arab World except the Jews who will take always the side of the invaders and the enemies.

Canaan/Palestine and Egypt sinks in dark period under the occupation of the Hyksos for 130 years (1480 B.C.-1350 B.C.). Hyksos infiltrated the area from central Asia and the Jews have collaborated with against Semite ( Arab ) civilizations, and this kind of collaboration becomes a tendency afterward.

In retaliation the Pharaoh enslaved the Jews after the defeat of the Hyksos by the Egyptians and Canaanites.

Except for 60-year occupation by Hittites from Turkey ( 1350 B.C.-1290 B.C.), after the Hyksos defeat, Palestine re- established strong relations with Egypt for 266 years (1480 B.C.-1350 B.c.) and (1290 B.C.-1154 B.C.)

Moses leaves Egypt, late in this period and seeks refuge in Palestine. Moses works as a shepherd with a Canaanite family and gets married to one of his master's daughters. The Canaanites extends invitation for the Jews in Egypt and Moses returns to Egypt to guide his people to his father's in law nation.

The Jews repeated rejection to accept the higher God of Moses to be above theirs ( who were many ) and his prophecy, and for being inpatients to a journey in the dessert had led Moses to abandon them to the wilderness.

Moses returned to Canaan to join his father in law and his wife, the Canaanite.

According to their books, the Jews claim that they have attacked Palestine, after Moses abandoned them to wilderness and as black arrows indicate, and here what they say about this "conquest":

* And Joshua mowed down Amalek and his people with the edge of the sword..and the Lord said to Moses, "Write this as a memorial in a book and recite it in the ears of Joshua, for I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek under heaven" (Exod. 17:13-14)

* When Israel had finished slaughtering all the inhabitants of Ai in the open wilderness where they pursued them..and all who fell that day both men and women, were 12,000, all the people of Ai..So Joshua burned Ai...and he hanged the king of Ai on a tree until evening ..(Josh. 8:24-25)

The Philistines ( the Sea People who are Canaanites by origin) have returned to engage along with their ancestors the Canaanites in a long war against the Jewish "conquest" to Palestine. The Jews were never being able to gain a final victory and the war continued for about 600 years( 1154-587). Toward the end of that period Syria, Assyria and Babylonia re-gained their glory and will be able later gain a final victory over the Jews.

The new Babylonia Empire (587-539) B.C. ( Babylonia and Assyria had overlapping periods)

Nebuchadnezzar takes Jews to slavery in Iraq. (589,587,586) B.C.

After Persia and before Rome Palestine was under the following powers (B.C.):

* 330-323 Greece ( Alexander the Great)
* 323-199 Egypt.
* 199-70 Seleucids of Syria ( Maccabees, who are Jews, collaborated with external powers against Palestine and gained some control over some cities)
* (70-63) B.C. Armenia ( ? )

63 B.C.-611 A.D. Roman Empire (674 years)
611-628 Persia (17 years)
628-638 Rome (10 years till their defeat by the Arab)

This map does not illustrate the phases of the growth of the empire nor the growth of its rival, the Phoenician empire and Carthage of the famous leader Hannibal ( Hannibbal) who led the Phoenician empire in the west and invaded Rome from north through Spain and France. Both Phoenicia and Carthage have engaged with Rome in a bitter wars over the control of the Mediterranean Sea. The details could be found in many several related text books.

Jesus Christ was born under Roman occupation ( 0 or 4 B.C.) and never showed any interest of the Jews temples and places. Instead, he always found comfort among the Palestinians and in mountains and hills of Palestine. In fact he discouraged his followers attaching any religious significance to particular places.

Woman, believe me, the hour is coming when neither on this mountain nor in Jerusalem will you ship the father....But the hour is coming , and now is, when the true worshippers will worship the Father in spirit and truth.....( John 4:21-24)

Christ mission was to make all the world holy place and all of its people a holy race.

Christ never asked crusaders to invade Jerusalem and to hack its people, men, women and children, including the Christians, to pieces just because they are Arabs.

He also did not ask the European to kill the Indians, to enslave the Negroes and to kill the children of Iraq. He never asked the Jews to become Napalm droppers.

The Palestinians, have stood for Jesus against Romans and Jews who fought him till the end. ( The basilica of the Holy Sepulchre was founded in 335 ).

638-1517 (879 years) Palestine has enjoyed sovereignty mainly under Arabic Empires including Umayyad and Abbasid ( This map shows the maximum area held by the Arabs 700-800 A.D. under Umayyad Empire).

The crusaders, a combination of released prisoners and merchants, were able to capture part of Palestine including Jerusalem for 192 years (1099-1291) after brutal victory were men women and children were hacked to pieces.

The crusaders did not even save churches and Arab Christians, who fought along with their Moslem brothers this invasion.

and here Dr. Epp conclusion in this regard...cont'd

" the Greek-oriented Christians did not very much appreciate the Latin dominance which had now come to the Holy Land-even the Jerusalem patriarch was now of the Latin rite-and not a few fought with their Muslim neighbors against the western crusaders"

Sallah-Aldin of Egypt ( Kurdish ) and Syria defeated the crusaders in the decisive victory of Hittin in 1187. Consequently, mosques and churches alike were restored and crusaders were asked to leave the country after they had to pay ransom to save their lives.

The Turkish (Ottoman) have controlled Palestine for 401 years (1517-1918) and the Arab including Palestinians have suffered the consequences when this empire start falling. (famine, illiteracy, isolation from the rest of the world, dark age,etc)

...and toward the end the Arabs have been seeking all means for independence.

Notice that the Turkish did not inherit all the area gained by previous Arabic powers. However, Turkey extended its power farther in Europe, something the Arab attempted to do before.

..At the same time the British were seeking the help of anyone against Germany including the Arab and the Jews. Consequently, the Arab have fought along the British in the Hope to gain independence from Turkey, unknowing that British have been promising Palestine to the Jews and the Americans.